Inflammatory Bowel Disease (IBD) is a term used to describe two chronic conditions that cause inflammation in the digestive tract:
Crohn’s disease
Ulcerative colitis
These conditions are not caused by an infection, but instead involve an abnormal response of the body’s immune system. The exact cause is still unknown, but a mix of genetic, immune, and environmental factors are thought to play a role.
Ulcerative colitis affects only the large bowel (colon) and causes inflammation of the inner lining of the bowel.
Crohn’s disease can affect any part of the digestive tract, from the mouth to the anus. Inflammation in Crohn’s often goes deeper into the bowel wall and can cause more complex problems like fistulas (abnormal connections) and abscesses.
Both conditions can lead to scarring and long-term damage if left untreated.
IBD symptoms can vary from person to person, but often include:
Abdominal pain or cramping
Chronic diarrhoea
Blood in the stool
Unexplained weight loss
Fatigue or low energy
Some people may also experience inflammation in other parts of the body, such as the joints, skin, or eyes.
Unfortunately, there is no cure for IBD at this time. However, with the right treatment, many people can achieve long periods of remission, where symptoms disappear and inflammation is under control.
Ulcerative colitis can sometimes be “cured” by removal of the colon, although most people manage the condition with medication.
Crohn’s disease cannot be cured by surgery, but it can be well-controlled with a combination of medications and, in some cases, surgery.
A diagnosis usually involves:
A consultation with a gastroenterologist
Blood and stool tests
A colonoscopy to examine the bowel and take biopsies
Other tests such as a gastroscopy, CT scan, MRI, or capsule endoscopy may also be recommended depending on your symptoms.
Treatment aims to:
Control inflammation
Relieve symptoms
Prevent complications and avoid surgery if possible
Medications are used to reduce inflammation and maintain remission. In more severe cases, stronger medications or surgery may be necessary. Long-term treatment is often needed to prevent flare-ups and protect your digestive health.
Living with IBD can be challenging, but with the right support and medical care, most people can lead full, active lives. If you’ve been diagnosed or are experiencing symptoms, speak with your gastroenterologist about your treatment options.
For more support and information, visit Crohn’s & Colitis Australia