Irritable Bowel Syndrome (IBS) is a condition that affects how the gut works. While the structure of the bowel appears normal, its function is disrupted—causing uncomfortable symptoms without visible inflammation or damage.
IBS is believed to result from a combination of factors, including:
Abnormal gut movement (dysmotility)
Increased sensitivity of the gut nerves (hypersensitivity)
Imbalances in gut bacteria (dysbiosis)
It’s a very common condition, affecting about 1 in 5 people at some point in their lives. IBS often starts in the late teens to early adulthood, is more common in women, and may follow a bout of gastroenteritis (known as post-infectious IBS).
IBS symptoms can vary from person to person and may come and go over time. Common symptoms include:
Abdominal pain or cramping
Bloating
Chronic diarrhoea
Constipation, or a mix of both
A general feeling of discomfort after eating
While IBS can be distressing and disruptive, the good news is that it does not damage the bowel, affect nutrition, or lead to serious illness.
Often, IBS can be diagnosed based on your symptoms and medical history alone—especially if your symptoms are typical and there are no alarming signs.
Tests may be recommended if:
Your symptoms began after the age of 40
You experience unexplained weight loss, rectal bleeding, or fever
There is a family history of bowel cancer, coeliac disease, or inflammatory bowel disease
In these cases, your doctor might order blood tests, stool tests, scans, or procedures like gastroscopy or colonoscopy to rule out other conditions.
There’s no cure for IBS, but the symptoms can usually be managed effectively with the right approach. Treatment plans are highly individual—what works for one person might not work for another. The key is finding the combination that best suits your symptoms and lifestyle.
Treatment often includes a mix of:
Keep a food diary to identify trigger foods
Adjust fibre intake—some people need more, others less
Limit foods high in fructose, sorbitol, lactose, and fat
Reduce alcohol, caffeine, and processed foods
Consult a qualified dietitian for a tailored plan (such as a low FODMAP diet)
Antispasmodics (e.g., Buscopan, Colofac) to ease cramps and bloating
Anti-diarrhoeal agents for loose stools
Gentle laxatives for constipation
Low-dose antidepressants—helpful for gut sensitivity, even without depression
Stress and anxiety can make IBS worse. Activities like yoga, mindfulness, exercise, or counselling may help reduce stress and ease symptoms.
If you think you may have IBS or are struggling to manage your symptoms, speak with your doctor or gastroenterologist. With the right support, most people with IBS can live full and active lives.